Mekanisma terperinci bagi pulangan luar biasa ini boleh dikatakan kepada sebarang perkara yang kedengarannya bagus tetapi tidak terperinci: "perbezaan matawang sejagat", "perniagaan jangka masa hadapan - hedge futures trading", "program pelaburan pulangan tinggi", atau yang serupa dengannya.
Pada titik ini, rasa tamak haloba mengatasi kewarasan: pelabur akan melabur lebih banyak wang, dan, berita mula tersebar, pelabur lain mengambil "peluang" untuk turut sama melabur. Semakin ramai melabur, dan melihat pelaburan mereka menghasilkan pulangan yang besar. Realiti sebenar skim ini adalah "pulangan" bagi pelabur awal dibayar dari tunai pelaburan baru yang masuk, bukannya dari keuntungan.
Tidak terdapat "perbezaan matawang sejagat", "perniagaan jangka masa hadapan - hedge futures trading", "program pelaburan pulangan tinggi" yang sebenarnya berlaku. Sebaliknya, apabila Pelabur D membayar wang, wang tersebut tersedia bagi membayar "keuntungan" kepada pelabur A, B, dan C. Satu sebab skim ini berjalan begitu baik adalah pelabur awal — mereka yang sebenarnya mendapat pulangan besar — biasanya melabur kembali mengekalkan wang mereka dalam skim tersebut kerana, ia sebenarnya memberi pulangan yang jauh lebih baik dari sebarang pelaburan lain.
Dengan itu mereka yang mengurus skim ini tidak perlu membayar banyak bersih — mereka hanya perlu menghantar penyata kepada pelabur yang menunjukkan berapa banyak pelabur tersebut telah dapat dengan menyimpan dalam apa yang kelihatannya tempat yang baik untuk mendapatkan pulangan yang tinggi.
Masaalahnya adalah pada satu ketika salah satu dari tiga perkara akan berlaku: a Penaja akan hilang, mengambil kesemua wang pelaburan tolak yang telah dibayar bersama mereka; b skim akan gagal akibat terlalu besar, apabila pelaburan menjadi perlahan dan penaja mulai menghadapai masaalah membayar pulangan yang dijanjikan dan apabila mereka menghadapai masaalah, berita tersebar, dan lebih ramai orang meminta wang mereka ; atau c skim ini terdedah, kerana apabila pihak berkuasa mulai memeriksa rekod perakaunan yang didakwa enterprise, mereka mendapati bahawa kebanyakan "aset" yang sepatutnya ada, sebenarnya tiada.
Apa itu skim Ponzi dan apa yang bukan Skim piramid adalah bentuk penipuan yang serupa dalam sesetengah cara dengan skim Ponzi, bergantung kepada menidakkan kebenaran kewangan, termasuk harapan untuk pulangan yang amat tinggi. Dalam skim piramid, mereka yang mendapatkan ahli baru mendapat keuntungan langsung malah sebenarnya, kegagalan mendapatkan ahli baru biasanya bererti tiada pulangan pelaburan.
Skim Ponzi bergantuing kepada pendekatan pelaburan pelik, orang dalam, dll. Skim piramid hampir pasti gagal lebih awal, kerana permintaan bagi peningkatan ahli berganda untuk mengekalkannya skim Ponzi mampu bertahan hanya dengan memujuk kebanyakan pelabur untuk "melabur semula" wang mereka, dengan hanya sedikit jumlah pelabur baru. Worldcom dan penipuan kewangan lain. Worldcom "tidak membayar pulangan tinggi iaitu, dividen tinggi. Pelabur adalah bebas untuk menjual pada bila-bila masa; dan apabila mereka melakukannya, syarikat bukanlah yang membayar pelabur -- ia adalah pembeli stok yang membayarnya, dan mengambil alih risiko dari tempoh itu.
Buih ekonomi bergantung kepada tidak menghiraukan kebenaran dan jangkaan keuntungan tinggi, tetapi ia tidak sama dengan skim Ponzi. Buih ekonomi membabitkan peningkatan berterusan dan tidak dapat dikekalkan harga dipasaran terbuka tidak kira ia stok, harga rumah, atau harga bawang tulip, atau sebarang benda. Selagi terdapat pembeli yang sanggup membayar harga yang semakin meningkat, penjual mampu mendapat untung.
Dan tidak perlu ada penipu dibelakang buih ekonomi. Malah, buih ekonomi mampu terbentuk tanpa sebarang penipuan - sebagai contoh, harga rumah dipasaran tempatan yang meningkat secara mendadak tetapi akhirnya merundum kerana pembinaan berlebihan. Merompak Peter untuk membayar Paul. Apabila hutang cukup tempoh dan ketiadaan tunai untuk membayarnya, samaada kerana nasib malang atau kecurian sengaja, sipemiutang seringkali membuat pembayaran mereka dengan meminjam atau mencuri dari wang lain yang mereka.
Dengan itu, ia bukanlah skim Ponzi. Dari fakta asas yang ditetapkan, ia bukanlah Ponzi, kerana tidak terdapat tanda bahawa peminjam dijamin pulangan tinggi melalui dakwaan pelaburan kewangan luar biasa. Ataupun berdasarkan fakta asas ini terdapat tanda-tanda bahawa sipemiutang banker meminjam secara meningkat jumlah dipinjam "pelaburan" bagi membayar kepada pelabur awal sebagaimana, bagi Ponzi bukanlah yang pertama melakukannya.
Skim-skim Ponzi yang terkenal Skim eponim dilaksanakan oleh Charles Ponzi, yang dari seseorang yang tidak dikenali menjadi jutawan Boston terkenal dalam tempoh enam bulan menggunakan skim sebegini pada Keuntungan sepatutnya datang dari pertukaran kupon jawapan pos antara bangsa. Apabila dia diampunkan dia membuka kedai runcit di Long Island.
Semasa penyiasatan Ponzi, Miller diwawancara oleh Boston Post untuk membandingkan skimnya dengan Ponzi's — pegawancara mendapati ia hampir serupa, tetapi Ponzi menjadi lebih masyhur kerana mendapat tujuk kali ganda wang. The eight-term congresswoman from Illinois added that, "combined with the craziness is a meanness that I haven't really seen before. Four potential jurors were dismissed from an initial jury pool of Tamerlan Tsarnaev died following a hootout with police four days after the bombings.
Under former Army General Stanley McChrystal, the rules of engagement prevented the delivery of any support for fear of collateral damage. For some military planners, it was safer to put Americans in the kill zone than risk potential hardships for the command.
It is a region capable ofproducing 1. He was arrested on suspicion of DUI last month, and is looking drawn and gaunt. This is a man or a god, as he insisted on being regarded who is said to have slept with all three of his sisters, murdered on the merest whim, and even made his favourite horse a consul.
A program that held itself up as a model of academic success was now off-limits to college coaches. This, in turn created a massive social burden as unemployment sky rocketed to the extent that no one can predict how long it could take to rectify that. While that was a recovery from June's decline, it was below economists' forecasts for a ,unit rate.
The couple, who now live in Dallas but lived in Oklahoma at the time, said their doctor there gave them little hope the babies would survive. We can bethere as long as we need to be now, to monetise effectively ourbig shale gas plays, and we wont be coming back to marketlooking for cash to do so," San Leon chairman Oisin Fanning saidin a telephone interview.
The first home run the rookie Siegrist had given up to a lefthanded hitter in the majors. Rank also had some success moving its bingo session times, which had not been changed for decades, and installing WiFi in 50 venues. Ford already uses aluminum in the hood of its current F, but the new truck will use it more extensively. Current Chief Executive MichaelCorbat and predecessor Vikram Pandit cut risk-taking in itstrading businesses, hired selectively in safer areas likeinvestment banking, and scaled back in markets where the bankhad few growth opportunities.
Patafio, a Local vice president, said Wednesday. Is there any chance at all she could make a difference on anything being part of the House of Lords? Absolutely not," he tells me bluntly. Federal Reserve isunlikely to scale back economic stimulus measures until early, would support mining stocks in the months to come. But a pitcher never hits a hitter on purpose. It always gets away from you, you know? Or a hitter stands too close to the plate or is fooled. That happened to be one of those.
And we will do our job. By that measure, tech shares are 8 percent overvalued. The two world leaders did not wind up exchanging niceties. It was apparently "too complicated. This beatanalysts' expectations of , additions, which Wall Streetwas expecting, according to StreetAccount. Of the eight who sustained minor injuries, two declined hospital treatment, Humphrey said.
The steal was his fourth of the series and the ninth of his postseason career, a Red Sox record, surpassing Johnny Damon. Around 50 homes are thought to have been bulldozed already, with at least more pending demolition. But this shtick, which depends on the suspension of all belief, is an attractive man's game, even as he plots a return to the Commons. Will his ambition outlive his hair? I think not. He lives by narcissism; he will die by it.
GM still continues to be sandwiched between Toyota Motors Co. And in online courses, faculty members have easy access to information about every aspect of a student's performance, experts say. Headmaster Haruna said the security forces he called for help patrolled initially but stopped after a week. The judiciary said it had reserves from prior fiscal years tolast about two weeks, after which it would need to reevaluate.
It was those old connections during the French Revolution that did for her. Arrested after accusations were made that she was using hidden jewels to pay for smuggling royalists out of France, she was convicted by the Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris in , beheaded, and her corpse disposed in the Madeleine Cemetery along with countless other victims of the Terror.
Personally, it wasn't a good season for me. Subbarao and his predecessor,Y. Reddy, were also part of the Indian Administrative Service. Many of the now old stars that were part of the galaxy are probably still in existence today, but they might be part of a bigger galaxy, Finkelstein told SPACE.
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