However, beta is under constant criticism from industry practitioners based on the notion that it is a flawed measure of risk. Neglected Business Adjustments: The historical beta captures business risk across a specified period i. Large Standard Error: The regression model used to calculate beta is highly sensitive to the assumptions used, e. Benefits to the Industry Beta Approach The limitations to the beta calculation — namely those related to the capital structure — explain why the industry beta may be used.
The regression model is based on the historical data and capital structure weights , as opposed to the current debt-to-equity mix, which would be more accurate in projecting future performance and volatility. A standard example that is offered for a negative beta investment is gold, which acts as a hedge against higher inflation which devastates financial investments such as stocks and bonds.
It is also true that puts on stocks and selling forward contracts against indices will have negative betas. What are the consequences of a negative beta? The expected return on that investment will be less than the risk-free rate. Are there actual investments out there that have negative betas?
I know that there are stocks with negative regression betas, but those are the mostly the result of something strange happening during the period of the regression - an extended lawsuit or acquisition battle throwing off the correlation with the market- rather the true betas. In fact, in my 15 years of updating betas by sector, I have still not found a sector with a negative beta.
Furthermore, even assets that, in theory, could have negative betas gold, for instance seem to have positive betas when securitized gold shares, gold ETF. There seems to be something about the securitization process that makes real assets behave more like financial assets. A quick refresher on beta Beta measures the volatility of a stock compared with the volatility of the market as a whole. A high beta means the stock price will move faster than a stock with low beta.
High beta means high volatility, but also the possibility of high returns. Let's say the beta value of the entire stock market, as measured by an index, is 1.

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